The normality assumption states that the data is normally distributed. This post touches on the importance of normality of data and illustrates how to check for normality of data in SPSS. Why...

Outliers are data values that are different from most of the data values in a dataset. They can either be extremely high or extremely low compared to the rest of the data values. This post...

For PhD students and other academics, attending and presenting at a scientific conference is a good avenue for sharing, disseminating and obtaining feedback on one's research. This post covers...

As a PhD student, you will be required to attend and present at various scientific conferences. One challenge facing many graduate students is how to write and submit a conference abstract that is...

In addition to using descriptive statistics for preliminary analysis, one can also use graphs. Unlike the statistics, graphs offer a visual way of exploring the data further. This post illustrates...

After checking for and correcting errors in your dataset, the next important step before running your analysis is to conduct preliminary analysis to explore the nature of your data. One can conduct...